Introduction
A batch file is a text file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by the command-line interpreter, such as cmd.exe. Batch files are useful for automating tasks, such as launching applications, changing settings, or performing operations on files. For example, you can create a batch file that copies a folder to another location, deletes some temporary files, and opens a web page.
In this article, I will show you how to create a simple batch file that prints a message on the screen, and how to run it using different methods. I will also provide some examples of more advanced batch files that can perform various actions.
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Creating a basic batch file
To create a basic batch file on Windows 10, you need a text editor and some basic knowledge of typing commands in Command Prompt. You can use Notepad or any other text editor of your choice.
Saving the batch file
Open Notepad and type the following lines in the text file:
@ECHO OFF ECHO Hello World! Your first batch file was printed on the screen successfully. PAUSE
The above script outputs the phrase, "Hello World! Your first batch file was printed on the screen successfully," on the screen.
@ECHO OFF Shows the message on a clean line disabling the display prompt. Usually, this line goes at the beginning of the file. (You can use the command without the "@" symbol, but it's recommended to include it to show a cleaner return.)
ECHO The command prints the text after the space on the screen.
PAUSE Allows the window to stay open after the command has been executed. Otherwise, the window will close automatically as soon as the script finishes executing. You can use this command at the end of the script or after a specific command when running multiple tasks and wanting to pause between each line.
Click the File menu and select the Save as option. Confirm a name for the script for example, first_basic_batch.bat. Make sure to save the file with the .bat extension in your desired folder.
Note: While batch files typically use the .bat file extensions, you can also find them using the .cmd or .btm file extensions.
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Running a batch file
There are several ways to run a batch file on Windows 10. Here are some of them:
By double-clicking it
The easiest way to run a batch file is by double-clicking it in File Explorer. This will open a Command Prompt window and execute the commands in sequence.
Using Command Prompt
You can also run a batch file from Command Prompt by typing its name or path and pressing Enter. For example:
C:\Users\user\Documents\first_basic_batch.bat
If the batch file is not in the current directory, you need to specify the full or relative path to it. For example:
C:\Users\user\Documents> C:\Users\user\Desktop\first_basic_batch.bat
or
C:\Users\user\Documents> ..\Desktop\first_basic_batch.bat
You can also use the cd command to change the current directory to the one where the batch file is located and then run it. For example:
C:\Users\user\Documents> cd C:\Users\user\Desktop C:\Users\user\Desktop> first_basic_batch.bat
If you want to copy the batch file to another folder and run it from there, you can use the xcopy command. For example:
C:\Users\user\Documents> xcopy first_basic_batch.bat C:\Temp /Y C:\Users\user\Documents> cd C:\Temp C:\Temp> first_basic_batch.bat
The /Y switch suppresses the confirmation prompt when overwriting an existing file.
Using File Explorer
You can also run a batch file from File Explorer by right-clicking it and selecting Run as administrator from the context menu. This will run the batch file with elevated privileges, which may be required for some commands or actions.
Using Task Scheduler
If you want to run a batch file on a schedule, you can use Task Scheduler to create a task that executes the file at a specified time or event. To do this, follow these steps:
Open Task Scheduler by typing taskschd.msc in the Run dialog box (Windows key + R) and clicking OK.
Click Create Basic Task on the right pane.
Type a name and a description for the task and click Next.
Select when you want the task to start (for example, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, or One time) and click Next.
Specify the date and time for the task to run and click Next.
Select Start a program as the action and click Next.
Click Browse and locate the batch file you want to run. Click Next.
Review the settings and click Finish.
The task will run according to your schedule and execute the batch file.
Creating advanced batch files
The basic batch file we created earlier only prints a message on the screen. However, you can create more advanced batch files that can perform various actions, such as downloading files, querying system information, or changing attributes. Here are some examples of such batch files:
Downloading files
You can use the bitsadmin command to download files from the internet using a batch file. For example, this script downloads an image from a website and saves it in the current folder:
@ECHO OFF bitsadmin /transfer mydownloadjob /priority high %cd%\image.jpg ECHO Download completed. PAUSE
bitsadmin The command-line tool that creates and monitors BITS jobs.
/transfer The switch that creates a transfer job with one file.
mydownloadjob The name of the job.
/priority high The switch that sets the priority of the job to high.
The URL of the file to download.
%cd%\image.jpg The destination path of the file. The %cd% variable represents the current directory.
Querying system information
You can use the systeminfo command to display detailed information about your system configuration, such as OS version, hardware, network settings, etc. For example, this script displays some basic system information and saves it in a text file:
@ECHO OFF systeminfo findstr /c:"OS Name" /c:"OS Version" /c:"System Manufacturer" /c:"System Model" /c:"System Type" /c:"Total Physical Memory" > systeminfo.txt ECHO System information saved in systeminfo.txt. PAUSE
systeminfo The command that displays system information.
findstr The command that searches for strings in files or input.
/c:"string" The switch that specifies the string to search for. You can use multiple /c switches to search for multiple strings.
> The redirection operator that sends the output of the command to a file.
Changing attributes
You can use the attrib command to change the attributes of files and folders, such as read-only, hidden, system, etc. For example, this script removes the read-only attribute from all files in the current folder and its subfolders:
@ECHO OFF attrib -r *.* /s ECHO Read-only attribute removed from all files. PAUSE
attrib The command that displays or changes file attributes.
-r The switch that clears the read-only attribute.
*.* The wildcard that matches all files.
/s The switch that applies the command to all files in the current folder and its subfolders.
Conclusion
In this article, I have shown you how to create and run a batch file on Windows 10. A batch file is a text file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by the command-line interpreter, such as cmd.exe. Batch files are useful for automating tasks, such as launching applications, changing settings, or performing operations on files. You can create a basic batch file using Notepad and save it with the .bat extension. You can run a batch file by double-clicking it, using Command Prompt, using File Explorer, or using Task Scheduler. You can also create more advanced batch files that can perform various actions, such as downloading files, querying system information, or changing attributes.
If you want to learn more about batch files and how to use them, you can check out these resources:
[Batch files - The basics]
[Batch File Commands: A Complete List]
[How to Write a Batch Script on Windows 10]
FAQs
What is the difference between .bat and .cmd files?
.bat and .cmd files are both types of batch files that contain commands for the command-line interpreter. However, they have some differences in how they are processed and executed. .bat files are compatible with older versions of Windows, such as DOS and Windows 9x. .cmd files are compatible with newer versions of Windows, such as Windows NT and Windows 10. .cmd files also have some additional features and limitations compared to .bat files. For example, .cmd files support the use of long file names and Unicode characters, but they do not support the GOTO :EOF command.
How can I comment out a line in a batch file?
You can comment out a line in a batch file by using the REM command or the double colon (::) symbol at the beginning of the line. For example:
@ECHO OFF REM This is a comment :: This is another comment ECHO This is not a comment PAUSE
The REM command stands for remark and is used to add comments or explanations to a batch file. The double colon symbol is an alternative way of commenting out a line that is faster and more efficient than the REM command.
How can I pass arguments to a batch file?
You can pass arguments to a batch file by typing them after the name or path of the file when running it from Command Prompt or File Explorer. For example:
C:\Users\user\Documents> first_basic_batch.bat argument1 argument2 argument3
You can access the arguments inside the batch file by using the %n variables, where n is a number from 0 to 9. For example:
@ECHO OFF ECHO The name of this batch file is %0 ECHO The first argument is %1 ECHO The second argument is %2 ECHO The third argument is %3 PAUSE
The %0 variable represents the name of the batch file itself. The %1 variable represents the first argument, the %2 variable represents the second argument, and so on.
How can I create a loop in a batch file?
You can create a loop in a batch file by using the FOR, IF, or GOTO commands. For example, this script creates a loop that counts from 1 to 10 and displays the numbers on the screen:
@ECHO OFF SET /A count=1 :loop ECHO %count% SET /A count=count+1 IF %count% LEQ 10 GOTO loop ECHO Loop completed. PAUSE
SET /A The command that assigns a numeric value to a variable.
:loop The label that marks the beginning of the loop.
IF The command that performs a conditional test.
LEQ The operator that compares two values for less than or equal to.
GOTO The command that transfers control to another part of the script.
How can I create a menu in a batch file?
You can create a menu in a batch file by using the CHOICE command and the IF ERRORLEVEL command. For example, this script creates a menu that allows the user to select one of four options and performs a different action for each option:
@ECHO OFF :menu CLS ECHO Choose an option: ECHO 1) Say hello ECHO 2) Say goodbye ECHO 3) Say nothing ECHO 4) Exit CHOICE /C 1234 /N /M "Enter your choice: " IF ERRORLEVEL 4 GOTO end IF ERRORLEVEL 3 GOTO nothing IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO goodbye IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO hello :hello ECHO Hello! PAUSE GOTO menu :goodbye ECHO Goodbye! PAUSE GOTO menu :nothing ECHO ... PAUSE GOTO menu :end ECHO Exiting... EXIT
CLS The command that clears the screen.
CHOICE The command that prompts the user to select one of the choices from a set of specified keys.
/C 1234 The switch that specifies the list of valid keys.
/N The switch that hides the list of choices in the prompt.
/M "Enter your choice: " The switch that displays a custom message in the prompt.
IF ERRORLEVEL n The command that checks the exit code of the previous command. The CHOICE command returns an exit code equal to the index of the key pressed by the user. For example, if the user presses 1, the exit code is 1. If the user presses 4, the exit code is 4.
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